M. S. Kuhlenschmidt, A.R. Smith, D. A. Stahl, E. R. Vimr
J. Urbance (1988)
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Lecture.
1. Course outline (DAS) - Introduction to microbiology, the major divisions in the living world, the prokaryote-eukaryote dichotomy, the discovery of archaebacteria, bacterial classification, bacterial phenotype, bacterial genotype, ranking taxonomic attributes, numerical taxonomy.
2. Structure/function of nucleic acids and proteins (DAS).
3. Structure/function of lipids and carbohydrates (MK).
4. Cell wall structure (MK) - composition, differences between Gram negative and Gram positive, features of Gram positive wall, functions of teichoic acids, peptidoglycan layer, three basic parts of the peptidoglycan layer, relationship between structure and function, structure of Gram negative cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, periplasmic space, protoplasts and spheroplasts, bacterial capsules.
5. Cell wall synthesis (MK) - synthesis of peptidoglycan, main features of peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis.
6 - 7. Bacterial metabolism (MK) - utilization of foodstuffs to yield free energy, nuritional interdependance of living organisms, basic thermodynamics, utilization of ATP, bacterial sugar transport, metabolism of glucose/production of ATP, aerobic metabolism (respiration, oxidative utilization of carbohydrates), biochemical differentiation of bacteria (fermentation vs oxidative utilization of carbohydrates).
8 - 10. Enterobacteriaceae. - introduction, key characteristics, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella typhi, S. cholerasuis, S. enteriditis, important diseases caused by the Salmonella and classified by Kauffman-White scheme, Proteus spp., Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Providencia, Serratia spp.
11 - 12 . Bacterial physiology of growth (DAS) - how to study growth, the chemostat, variation in cell composition as a function of growth, effects of temperature and nutrient composition, diauxic growth, mechanisms of regulation, negative control (Lac Operon), genetic analysis, cyclic AMP and catabolite repression, positive control, the tryptophan biosynthetic operon, antisense RNA, disinfection and sterilization, physical and chemical methods.
13. Bacterial genetics (DAS)- bacteria, plasmids and phages, main features of bacterial choromosomes replication, transformation (natural vs artificial), induction, lysogeny and transduction, conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids, transposable genetic elements.
17. Mechanisms of action of antibiotics (DAS)- penicillins, cephalosporins and other beta-lactam antibiotics, bacitracin, cycloserine, cell membrane antibiotics, polypeptide antibiotics(tyrocidin, gramicidin, polymixin), ionophore antibiotics (monensin), inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis (proflavin, ethidium), inhibitors of RNA polymerases (rifamycins), inhibitors of DNA polymerases (nalidixic acid, novobiocin), inhibitors of protein synthesis (tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, fusidic acid, aminoglycosides, streptomycin), antimetabolites (sulphonamides ).
18. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistence (DAS)- evolution of novel plasmid encoded functions.
19. Microbial ecology (DAS).
20. Mechanisms of pathogenesis (ERV) - introduction to pathogenesis, spread of infectious diseases, discovery of major disease-producing bacteria, list of major disease-producing bacteria, microbe entry to the host.
21. Mechanisms of pathogenesis (ERV) - clinical stages of infectious disease, events occuring after microbial invasion, how do infectious microbes avoid killing by phagocytes, experimental approach to defining the molecular basis of invasion.
22. Mechanisms of pathogenesis (ERV) - the nature of intra and extracellular parasites, Listeria monocytogenes, Chlamydia psittaci.
23. Mechanisms of pathogenesis (ERV)- virulence factors, toxins, mechanism of cholera toxin action, E. coli toxins, bacterial adhesion.
24. Mechanisms of pathogenesis (ERV)- molecular genetics of virulence in the Shigella spp., Brucella and Brucellosis.
25. Gram neg., oxidase pos., fermenters - Escherichia, Proteus, (most) Salmonella, Shigella, S. typhi, Yersinia, Vibrio, (most) Aeromonas, (most) Photobacterium, Beneckea, Enterobacter, A. hydrophila, P. phosphoreum.
28. Gram pos. cocci; Staphylococci (ERV)- S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, diseases of veterinary importance (botryomycosis, mastitis, tick pyemia, canine pyoderma, purulent synovitis, greasy pig disease).
29. Streptococci - characteristics, pathogenicity and diseases of veterinary importance (S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, S. uberis, S. zooepidemicus, S. equisimilis, S. equi).
30. Erysipelothrix, Listeria (MK)- E. rhusiopathiae, pathogenesis of septicemic erysipelas in swine, virulence factors, disease symptoms, erysipelothrix arthritis in swine, erysipelothrix infections in other animals, zoonotic organism, Listeria - epidemiology and pathogenesis, primary Listeric septicemia, virulence factors, other animals, meningitis.
31. Corynebacteria, Mycobacteria (JU) - C. pyogenes, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. renale, Rhodococcus equi, C. diphtheria, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. avium, M. paratuberculosis, M. marinum.
32. The anaerobes (MK) - classification, oxidation/reduction potential, Nernst equation, redox potential and growth of anaerobes, conditions leading to lowered redox, most common anaerobic bacteria of veterinary importance (Actinomyces bovis, A. viscosus, A. suis), Gram negative nonsporeforming bacilli (Bacteroides melanigenicus, B. nodosus, B. fragilis), Gram positive sporeforming bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, C. hemolyticum, C. noyvi, C. chauvoei, C. septicum, C. colinum, C. tetani, C. botulinum), anaerobic culture, pathogenesis.
33. The anaerobes (ARS) - Clostridia, spore formation, nutrition, 3 general groups, toxins, toxoids, bacterins.
34. Anaerobic infections (ARS) - Introduction, suggestive characteristics of anaerobic infection, oxygen requirements of bacteria, classification, diseases caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum (foot rot, liver abscesses, calf diphtheria, pathogenesis), Bacteroides, B. fragilis, B. melaninogenicus.
35. Examination #3.
36. Mycology and mycotic infections (ARS) - Introduction, nature of fungi, yeasts & molds, epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, use of taxonomy chart.
37. Mycology and mycotic infections (ARS) - Dermatophytosis, introduction, ringworms caused by Microsporum species, M. canis, M. gypseum, M. nanum, M. gallinae, ringworms caused by Trichophyton species T. mentagrophytes, T. equinum, T. verrucosum, sexual stages of dermatophytes, laboratory identification, colonu and microscopic characteristics of Microsporum & Trichophyton spp..
39. Group colloquia.
40. Group golloquia.
41. Group colloquia.
42. Group colloquia.
43. Final examination.
Laboratory.
1. Morphology/Gram stain.
2. Morphology/culture characteristics.
3. Morphology/culture characteristics.
4. Selective/differential media.
5. Selective/differential media.
6. Selective/differential media.
7. Biochemical identification.
8. Biochemical identification.
9. Biochemical identification.
10. Biochemical identification.
11. Unknown pathogen #1.
12. Unknown pathogen #1.
13. Bacterial genetics and antibiotic resistance.
14. Bacterial genetics and antibiotic resistance.
15. Bacterial genetics and antibiotic resistance.
16. Unknown pathogen #2.
17. Unknown pathogen #2.
18. Mastitis laboratory.
19. Mastitis laboratory.
20. Methods for identification of the anaerobes.
21. Methods for identification of the anaerobes.
22. Methods for identification of the anaerobes.
23. Methods for identication of mycotic pathogens.
24. Methods for identication of mycotic pathogens.
25. Methods for identication of mycotic pathogens.
26. Methods for identication of mycotic pathogens.
